Pycnonotus jocosus

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Family: Pycnonotidae · Class: Aves · Order: Passeriformes

The Red-whiskered Bulbul is a medium-sized passerine bird measuring 18-20 cm (7-8 inches) in length with a distinctive appearance. Adults display a black head with a pointed black crest, contrasting sharply with white cheeks and throat. The species derives its name from the prominent red patch behind each eye, resembling whiskers. The upperparts are brown, while the underparts are white with a buff-colored undertail. A broken white collar encircles the neck, and the undertail coverts show distinctive red markings. Both sexes appear similar, though males may be slightly larger. Native to Asia, the Red-whiskered Bulbul has established introduced populations in several regions including southern California. In California, populations occur primarily in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. The species was first recorded in the Los Angeles area in the 1960s and has since expanded its range throughout urban and suburban environments in southern California. Small populations also exist in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and parts of Australia. This species thrives in urban and suburban environments, showing particular affinity for residential areas with mature trees and shrubs. Red-whiskered Bulbuls favor parks, gardens, citrus groves, and areas with mixed native and exotic vegetation. They readily adapt to human-modified landscapes and are commonly found in areas with abundant fruiting plants. The species typically remains below 500 meters (1,640 feet) in elevation and prefers areas with reliable water sources. Red-whiskered Bulbuls are omnivorous, feeding on a diverse diet of fruits, nectar, insects, and occasionally small vertebrates. They show particular preference for berries and soft fruits, including cultivated varieties such as figs, grapes, and citrus. The species exhibits social behavior, often foraging in small flocks outside the breeding season. Breeding occurs primarily from March through August in California, with pairs constructing cup-shaped nests in shrubs or trees 2-6 meters above ground. Females typically lay 2-4 eggs, which are incubated for approximately 12 days. Both parents care for nestlings, which fledge after 14-18 days. The Red-whiskered Bulbul is not federally or state listed in California, as it is an introduced species. While populations appear stable in established areas, the species faces some management concerns due to its potential impact on native ecosystems. The California Department of Food and Agriculture has designated it as a restricted species, prohibiting importation and possession without permits. The species competes with native birds for food resources and nesting sites, particularly affecting native fruit-eating birds. Control efforts focus on preventing further range expansion rather than eradication of established populations. Climate change may facilitate continued range expansion into suitable habitat areas currently too cool for year-round occupation.

Data from The California Species Project — 14,000+ California species with verified data from CNPS, CDFW, USFWS, and more.